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Alopecia areata causes loss of hair in patches from the scalp and body. It can occur to people at any age and all sexes can be affected by it. There are two forms of alopecia areata- alopecia totalis which causes hair loss from the scalp and body and areata universalis which causes a complete loss of all body hair. Usually 1% of the population is affected by it. The reasons behind its occurrence are not fully established till date and most researchers and scientists classify it as an autoimmune disease. Alopecia areata is diagnosed by the close examination of the scalp and then analysis of the observed scalp. Even exclamation point hairs which are short, unusual hairs that appear in areas of hair loss is a sign of alopecia areata.

Mostly treatment for alopecia areata is not needed as hair that is lost grows back after sometime. This condition does not cause actual loss of hair follicles and the absence of hair growth can be attributed to white cells which attack the hair root and cause the follicles not to produce visible hair. Hair follicles are very strong and even after years of being attacked by white cells are capable of producing hair. Thus,most of the people suffering from this condition do manage to get their hair back to a great extent.

Treatment can be taken for this condition but the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the time it is taken. For people who suffer with extensive alopecia areata, the chances of recovering all the hair lost with the help of treatments are very less. Usually corticosteroid therapies are recommended for the treatment of this condition. Intralesional steroids or injections are usually considered as first line treatments and these injections are given every 4-6 weeks. The treatment should be taken for at least 3 months for visible results and effects such as local folliculitis, local atrophy and Telangiectasias are reported by patients after the first few weeks of treatment.

Agents such as squaric acid dibutylester are used in the process of immunotherapy which is also a treatment method and the response to this treatment varies according to the stage of hair loss and the treatment basically comprises the production of contact sensitivity in a person. For cases which involve severe hair loss, anthralin treatment is recommended. Even hypersensitization is a much recommended treatment for people suffering from extensive hair loss. Treatment has to be taken for at leats a year for valid results. Ultravioilet Light therapy is also one of the methods used to cure it. Several medications are also available to cure it. One of such medications is Propecia which is an FDA regulated drug. It can cure hair loss but only in men, women and children are recommended to not use it. Thus, with so many forms of treatment available, there is a great chance for people suffering from alopecia areata to make a good recovery and prevent hair loss to a great extent.